72 research outputs found
Utilization of spent wood chips for biotechnological production of PHA
Cieľom práce bolo štúdium vhodnosti hoblín a pilín ako substrátu pre mikrobiálnu produkciu PHA baktériami Burkholderia cepacia a Burkholderia sacchari. V experimentálnej časti práce bol skúmaný najvhodnejší spôsob hydrolýzy hoblín a pilín a vplyv koncentrácie furfuralu a polyfenolov na schopnosť akumulovať PHA. Burkholderia sacchari mala v porovnaní s Burkholderia cepacia vyššiu schopnosť akumulovať PHA. Pri kultivácii Burkholderia sacchari na médium obsahujúce detoxifikovaný hydrolyzát z pilín boli dosiahnuté hodnoty kedy PHB predstavoval 87–89 % celkovej koncentrácie biomasy. Piliny teda predstavujú sľubný substrát na mikrobiálnu produkciu PHA z hľadiska zníženia produkčných nákladov a vysokého obsahu PHB v biomase.The aim of this work was to study the suitability of wood shavings and sawdust as a substrate for microbial production of PHA by bacteria Burkholderia cepacia and Burkholderia sacchari. In the experimental part of the work the most appropriate approach of hydrolysis of wood shaving and sawdust and the effect of polyphenol and furfural concentration on ability to accumulate PHA was studied. Burkholderia sacchari had greater ability to accumulate PHA compared to Burkholderia cepacia. PHB values 87–89 % were achieved when Bulkholderia sacchari was cultivated on medium that contained detoxified hydrolysate of sawdust. Sawdust is therefore a promising substrate for microbial production of PHA in terms of reducing production costs and high content of PHB in biomass.
Semantically Guided Depth Upsampling
We present a novel method for accurate and efficient up- sampling of sparse
depth data, guided by high-resolution imagery. Our approach goes beyond the use
of intensity cues only and additionally exploits object boundary cues through
structured edge detection and semantic scene labeling for guidance. Both cues
are combined within a geodesic distance measure that allows for
boundary-preserving depth in- terpolation while utilizing local context. We
model the observed scene structure by locally planar elements and formulate the
upsampling task as a global energy minimization problem. Our method determines
glob- ally consistent solutions and preserves fine details and sharp depth
bound- aries. In our experiments on several public datasets at different levels
of application, we demonstrate superior performance of our approach over the
state-of-the-art, even for very sparse measurements.Comment: German Conference on Pattern Recognition 2016 (Oral
Multi-utility Learning: Structured-output Learning with Multiple Annotation-specific Loss Functions
Structured-output learning is a challenging problem; particularly so because
of the difficulty in obtaining large datasets of fully labelled instances for
training. In this paper we try to overcome this difficulty by presenting a
multi-utility learning framework for structured prediction that can learn from
training instances with different forms of supervision. We propose a unified
technique for inferring the loss functions most suitable for quantifying the
consistency of solutions with the given weak annotation. We demonstrate the
effectiveness of our framework on the challenging semantic image segmentation
problem for which a wide variety of annotations can be used. For instance, the
popular training datasets for semantic segmentation are composed of images with
hard-to-generate full pixel labellings, as well as images with easy-to-obtain
weak annotations, such as bounding boxes around objects, or image-level labels
that specify which object categories are present in an image. Experimental
evaluation shows that the use of annotation-specific loss functions
dramatically improves segmentation accuracy compared to the baseline system
where only one type of weak annotation is used
Unsupervised Intuitive Physics from Visual Observations
While learning models of intuitive physics is an increasingly active area of
research, current approaches still fall short of natural intelligences in one
important regard: they require external supervision, such as explicit access to
physical states, at training and sometimes even at test times. Some authors
have relaxed such requirements by supplementing the model with an handcrafted
physical simulator. Still, the resulting methods are unable to automatically
learn new complex environments and to understand physical interactions within
them. In this work, we demonstrated for the first time learning such predictors
directly from raw visual observations and without relying on simulators. We do
so in two steps: first, we learn to track mechanically-salient objects in
videos using causality and equivariance, two unsupervised learning principles
that do not require auto-encoding. Second, we demonstrate that the extracted
positions are sufficient to successfully train visual motion predictors that
can take the underlying environment into account. We validate our predictors on
synthetic datasets; then, we introduce a new dataset, ROLL4REAL, consisting of
real objects rolling on complex terrains (pool table, elliptical bowl, and
random height-field). We show that in all such cases it is possible to learn
reliable extrapolators of the object trajectories from raw videos alone,
without any form of external supervision and with no more prior knowledge than
the choice of a convolutional neural network architecture
Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates Using Hydrolyzates of Spruce Sawdust: Comparison of Hydrolyzates Detoxification by Application of Overliming, Active Carbon, and Lignite
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are bacterial polyesters which are considered biodegradable alternatives to petrochemical plastics. PHAs have a wide range of potential applications, however, the production cost of this bioplastic is several times higher. A major percentage of the final cost is represented by the price of the carbon source used in the fermentation. Burkholderia cepacia and Burkholderia sacchari are generally considered promising candidates for PHA production from lignocellulosic hydrolyzates. The wood waste biomass has been subjected to hydrolysis. The resulting hydrolyzate contained a sufficient amount of fermentable sugars. Growth experiments indicated a strong inhibition by the wood hydrolyzate. Over-liming and activated carbon as an adsorbent of inhibitors were employed for detoxification. All methods of detoxification had a positive influence on the growth of biomass and PHB production. Furthermore, lignite was identified as a promising alternative sorbent which can be used for detoxification of lignocellulose hydrolyzates. Detoxification using lignite instead of activated carbon had lower inhibitor removal efficiency, but greater positive impact on growth of the bacterial culture and overall PHA productivity. Moreover, lignite is a significantly less expensive adsorbent in comparison with activated charcoal and; moreover, used lignite can be simply utilized as a fuel to, at least partially, cover heat and energetic demands of fermentation, which should improve the economic feasibility of the process
Associative3D: Volumetric Reconstruction from Sparse Views
This paper studies the problem of 3D volumetric reconstruction from two views
of a scene with an unknown camera. While seemingly easy for humans, this
problem poses many challenges for computers since it requires simultaneously
reconstructing objects in the two views while also figuring out their
relationship. We propose a new approach that estimates reconstructions,
distributions over the camera/object and camera/camera transformations, as well
as an inter-view object affinity matrix. This information is then jointly
reasoned over to produce the most likely explanation of the scene. We train and
test our approach on a dataset of indoor scenes, and rigorously evaluate the
merits of our joint reasoning approach. Our experiments show that it is able to
recover reasonable scenes from sparse views, while the problem is still
challenging. Project site: https://jasonqsy.github.io/Associative3DComment: ECCV 202
3D Fluid Flow Estimation with Integrated Particle Reconstruction
The standard approach to densely reconstruct the motion in a volume of fluid
is to inject high-contrast tracer particles and record their motion with
multiple high-speed cameras. Almost all existing work processes the acquired
multi-view video in two separate steps, utilizing either a pure Eulerian or
pure Lagrangian approach. Eulerian methods perform a voxel-based reconstruction
of particles per time step, followed by 3D motion estimation, with some form of
dense matching between the precomputed voxel grids from different time steps.
In this sequential procedure, the first step cannot use temporal consistency
considerations to support the reconstruction, while the second step has no
access to the original, high-resolution image data. Alternatively, Lagrangian
methods reconstruct an explicit, sparse set of particles and track the
individual particles over time. Physical constraints can only be incorporated
in a post-processing step when interpolating the particle tracks to a dense
motion field. We show, for the first time, how to jointly reconstruct both the
individual tracer particles and a dense 3D fluid motion field from the image
data, using an integrated energy minimization. Our hybrid Lagrangian/Eulerian
model reconstructs individual particles, and at the same time recovers a dense
3D motion field in the entire domain. Making particles explicit greatly reduces
the memory consumption and allows one to use the high-res input images for
matching. Whereas the dense motion field makes it possible to include physical
a-priori constraints and account for the incompressibility and viscosity of the
fluid. The method exhibits greatly (~70%) improved results over our recently
published baseline with two separate steps for 3D reconstruction and motion
estimation. Our results with only two time steps are comparable to those of
sota tracking-based methods that require much longer sequences.Comment: To appear in International Journal of Computer Vision (IJCV
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